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VITA ANTIQUA, ISSN 2522-9419 (Online), 2519-4542 (Print)
Center for Paleoethnological Research

VITA ANTIQUA 10, 2018, Prehistoric Networks in Southern and Eastern Europe, 25-37
The Køkkenmødding of Eastern Ukraine
Telizhenko Sergii
Institute of Archaeology of the NASU

DOI:10.37098/2519-4542-2018-1-10-25-37
https://doi.org/10.37098/2519-4542-2018-1-10-25-37

ABSTRACT

Køkkenmødding, or kitchen/shell middens, are archaeological sites, are characterized by the presence of waste in the form of heaps of shells mixed with animal bones, ceramics, flints etc. Although historically the term kokkenmodding, which was used first by Danish biologist J. Japetus Steenstrup, is associated with the Ertebolle culture (dating to the end of the Mesolithic), over the time, it has become more extensive. In this paper, this term is used to denote heaps of marine or freshwater mollusks that were formed as a result of human activity. Shell middens are widespread, mostly in coastal zones around the world – from Japan to Canada, and from Australia to Denmark. The paper is devoted to the concise analysis of sites with shell middens of the Eastern part of Ukraine, whose existence is fixed within the frames of the final Mesolithic-Neolithic and Early Copper Age. There are three types of shell midden known from Ukraine – these include marine, freshwater (river or lake) and terrestrial shell examples. Shell middens composed of marine shells are known from the shore of the Crimean peninsula and dating from the Copper Age to the Middle Bronze Age (Ardych Burun, Laspi-1, Gurzuf Castle etc.). Examples of shell middens with terrestrial shells are situated in the mountainous parts of Crimea and are associated with the Mesolithic Murzak Koba culture and Tash Air culture of Neolithic. Published examples include Murzak Koba layer 3, Shan Koba layer 3, Fatma Koba layer 4, Kukrek layer 3, Laspi-7. In this paper, I have focused on the use of freshwater mollusks by the ancient inhabitants of the middle stream of the Siversky Donets river basin. It should be noted that these are amongst the most northerly sites of this type in Eastern Ukraine. In this way, while the køkkenmødding tradition existed in Eastern Ukraine for almost 1700 years, its origins may be found among cultures to the south and southeastern, including the Northeastern Azov Sea region and the Lower Don river, where the Razdorskaya-2, Rakushechnii yar, and Matveyev Kurhan sites are situated.

Key words: køkkenmødding, shell middens, Eastern Ukraine, final Mesolithic, Neolithic, Early Copper Age

Language: English

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UDK: 903.2(477.6)”634\636”

VITA ANTIQUA, ISSN 2522-9419 (Online), 2519-4542 (Print)
Center for Paleoethnological Research

VITA ANTIQUA 10, 2018, Prehistoric Networks in Southern and Eastern Europe, 13-24
Chipped flint technologies of Janislawice culture in Ukrainian Polissya region
Stupak Dmytro
Institute of Archaeology of the NASU

DOI:10.37098/2519-4542-2018-1-10-13-24
https://doi.org/10.37098/2519-4542-2018-1-10-13-24

ABSTRACT

Since the opening of the first site named DVS with the flint from Janislawice, more than 30 sites of Janislawice culture became known on the territory of Ukrainian Polissya. The most presentable among them are Nepyretc, Senchytcy 3, Senchytcy 5A, 5D, Rudnya, Rudnya 1A, DVS, Rudyj Ostriv, Protereb, Smolyanikove. Janislawice culture dates from the end of Mesolithic period. On most of the Janislawice sites are ceramic fragments from Neolithic time. These sites reflect the developing transition process of Janislawice culture to the Neolithic stage. This paper analyzes Chipped flint technologies of Janislawice culture in Ukrainian Polissya region. The first one is directed on the blades produsing. The second – is directed on the flakes produsing. The main types of Janislawice blades producing center are one platform cores with one working surface. For exploitation of these cores the pressure technique us being used. Cores of other types of blades produced are not numerous and generally derived from one platform cores with one working surface. Janislawicean obtained blades technology thanks to a good choice of raw material parts for cores and use of a pressure technique, which made the process of obtaining blades highly controlled, allowed to obtain standardized blades blanks with minimal expenses of raw material and time. Thanks to the use of pressure technique the process of making blades ran almost without mistakes. As a result, there was a deficit of flaky blanks. The technology of obtaining flakes was oriented to eliminate the deficit of flaky blanks. This high level of technological development is the availability of technology for specialized blades using pressure technique and technologies aimed at obtaining flakes using hummer is inherent in the most technologically developed late Mesolithic – early Neolithic cultural phenomenons.

Key words: Janislawice culture, Ukrainian Polissya region, Chipped flint technologies, core, pressure technique, blades producing, cores for flakes

Language: English

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UDK: 903.21(477.41/.42)”632”

VITA ANTIQUA, ISSN 2522-9419 (Online), 2519-4542 (Print)
Center for Paleoethnological Research

VITA ANTIQUA 10, 2018, Prehistoric Networks in Southern and Eastern Europe, 6-12
FOREWORD: Network Approach for Studying the Prehistoric Networks
Shydlovskyi P., Morozova Ya.
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Faculty of History

DOI:10.37098/2519-4542-2018-1-10-6-12
https://doi.org/10.37098/2519-4542-2018-1-10-6-12

ABSTRACT

This volume represents a part of the materials which were highlighted as the reports at the international scientific conference “Wetland Archaeology and Prehistoric Networks in Europe” that was held in Kyiv and Kaniv from the 15 to 18 September 2017. This conference was the final event of the Institutional Partnership Programme (SCOPES) “Network in Eastern European Neolithic and Wetland Archaeology for the improvement of field techniques and dating methods (NEENAWA)”, funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). The current state of Ukrainian archaeology should be described as an integration stage, which is characterized by the representation of the achievements of national science in the world on the one hand and the adaptation of world experience for a more complete coverage of past phenomena on the other hand. In the context of the crisis of traditional scientific institutions and outdated approaches, modern research increasingly acquires a networked character, that manifests itself in the cooperation of specialists from different scientific fields and institutions when investigating a specific scientific problem. The consequence of these changes, which one can see in our country during the last several years, is a process of cultural integration of Ukraine into the European space, which is maintained by varied programs of scientific and cultural cooperation. For the modern Ukrainian humanitarian sphere, we have issues which are connected with the unification of methodology, modernization of approaches and the inclusion of the scientific achievements of our country into European scientific heritage. The Project “Network in Eastern European Neolithic and Wetland Archaeology for the Improvement of Field Methods and Dating Methods” is the first step towards establishing ground for cooperation on the study of the Neolithic in Eastern Europe. The name of our conference “Wetland Archaeology and Prehistoric Networks in Europe” is symbolic within the framework of this project.

Keywords: network approach, prehistoric archaeology, Neolithic, Chalcolithic, neolithization, Eastern Europe

Language: English / Ukrainian

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VITA ANTIQUA ISSN: 2522-9419 (Online), ISSN: 2519-4542 (Print)

VITA ANTIQUA 9, 2017, HUMAN & LANDSCAPE: Prehistoric Archaeology of Eastern Europe, 268-274
National and World Archaeology in the Schulte Tables
Beidyk О.О., Lazaruk І.А
¹ Department of Country Studies and Tourism, The Faculty of Geography, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv

DOI:10.37098/VA-2017-9-268-274
https://doi.org/10.37098/VA-2017-9-268-274

ABSTRACT

This article deals with the possibility of using Schulte tables (Walter Schulte (1910 - 1972) - German psychiatrist and psychotherapist, student of Berger. In 1962-1972 - Professor of Psychiatry in Tübingen, Germany) as one of psychological and pedagogical techniques in the study of historical, archaeological, historical and geographical sciences. Proposed a number of “resource-historical-archaeological reference signals” (example is given in the article). Analysis of a large number of historical and archaeological publications, many years of expeditionary experience in Ukraine and abroad allowed to pick out a number of artifacts, objects of archaeological excavations and discoveries, portraits of eminent archaeologists and historians. These reproductions qualify heterogeneity (diversity), value, contrast, parity. Usage of active methods and modern psychological and pedagogical technologies (including Schulte tables) in higher education is the key to the learning process in general. Thus, given the number of touch points and fragmented overlapping of subject-object entities in history, archeology, historical geography, was proposed a number of Schulte tables, adapted to these disciplines and proved their possible usage in archaeological and historical disciplines.

Key words: National Archaeology, World archaeology, Schulte tables, pedagogical techniques, education

Language: Ukrainian

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UDK: 159.9.018:378:902

VITA ANTIQUA ISSN: 2522-9419 (Online), ISSN: 2519-4542 (Print)

VITA ANTIQUA 9, 2017, HUMAN & LANDSCAPE: Prehistoric Archaeology of Eastern Europe, 254-265
Evidences of Deer Cult of Northern Eurasia Prehistoric Hunters in the Landscape Context
Mykhailova N.R.¹
¹ Institute of Archaeology, National Acadtmy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv

DOI:10.37098/VA-2017-9-254-265
https://doi.org/10.37098/VA-2017-9-254-265

ABSTRACT

In Final Palaeolithic – Neolithic of Northern Eurasia archaeological evidences of Deer cult and description was connected with outstanding places of landscape — caves, cliffs, rocks, and water — islands, waterfalls etc. In Final Paleolithic witnesses of Deer cult most often found in caves. There are assemblages of dropped antlers in caves of Scotland, Northern Ural and images of deers in monumental and mobile art in caves of Franco-Cantabrian area. In the Postpaleolithic time, in the so-called “levantian” and “schematic” art of the Eastern part of Iberian Peninsula and Portugal, pictures of deers found on the vertical cave surface, in the shallow caves or open areas. In Mezolithic of Northern Eurasia, vision of deer/elk becomes dominant in mythical and ritual complex. On the vertical and horizontal surfaces reflected ceremonies of creation, totemic and cosmological mythical scenes. In Neolithic time in circumpolar area on the outstanding places of landscape, connected with deer hunting and natural cycles of ones, appear large assamblages of animal remains, indicating the rituals of deer/elk immolation. Sacrificial places, located under rock images, have a big importance Comparision of archaeological materials with ethnographical data allow to suggest that signs of Deer cult in Upper Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic of Eurasia was connected with places of higher semantic significance.

Key words: Deer Cult, Northern Eurasia, prehistoric hunters, Final Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic

Language: Ukrainian

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UDK: [903.26:504.54](4/5)”637”

VITA ANTIQUA ISSN: 2522-9419 (Online), ISSN: 2519-4542 (Print)

VITA ANTIQUA 9, 2017, HUMAN & LANDSCAPE: Prehistoric Archaeology of Eastern Europe, 251-253
The Natural Conditions of Human’s Habitation According to Studying of Buried Soils in the Bronze Age Mound
Matviishyna Zh.M., Kushnir A.S.¹
¹ Department of Paleogeography, Institute of Geography NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv

DOI:10.37098/VA-2017-9-251-253
https://doi.org/10.37098/VA-2017-9-251-253

ABSTRACT

Based on paleopedological and archaeological information the natural conditions of human habitation in times of Yamna culture of the Bronze Age were reconstructed. Data of geoarchaeological method allowed to reveal the age of Holocene fossil soils and define the changes of their types.

Key words: Bronze Age, paleosoil, paleogeography, Yamna culture, Eastern Europe

Language: Ukrainian

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UDK: [903:504.54](477.86)”637”

VITA ANTIQUA ISSN: 2522-9419 (Online), ISSN: 2519-4542 (Print)

VITA ANTIQUA 9, 2017, HUMAN & LANDSCAPE: Prehistoric Archaeology of Eastern Europe, 232-250
Paleopedological Studies of Bukivna Cemetery
Matviishyna Zh.M.¹, Lysenko S.D.², Parhomenko O.G
¹ Department of Paleogeography, Institute of Geography NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv
² Department of the Archaeology of Chalcolithic – Bronze Age, Institute of Archaeology NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv
³ Department of Geography, Taras Shevchenko Chernihiv National pedagogical University, Chernihiv

DOI:10.37098/VA-2017-9-251-253
https://doi.org/10.37098/VA-2017-9-251-253

ABSTRACT

Burial mound cemetery in Bukivna is one of the basic sites of Komarov culture of the Tszciniec cultural circle. It locates on the high right bank of the Dniester River to the west and south from the village Bukivna, Tlymatsky district of Ivano-Frankivsk region. In the 30th years of the XIX century there were excavated 13 kurgans. The work was resumed in 2010-2013. In group №1 three kurgans were excavated and in group №2 one more was explored. Kurgan №1 from group №2 is the earliest among the studied. This mound might be dated by ending of the 3rd and beginning of the 2nd millennium BC for its ceramic complex and arrowhead. It is also synchronized with the group of post-catacomb cultures. Kurgans of group №1 for ceramic complex and non-ferrous metal products can be attributed to the early stage of Komarov culture and dated within the second quarter of the 2nd millennium BC. All kurgans are erected over the slight natural height that visually increases their size. The main part of the kurgans is composed of chunks of sod from the surface of the ancient soil. Rocked siltstone mass from subsoil blocks the top of this mound. Soils, on which the mounds were built, are identified as podzolic soils that develop under meadow vegetation in a warm-temperate climate with sufficient rainfall. In the Bronze Age, the natural areas in the Carpathian region were clearly shifted to the north, dominated by open spaces with lots beech and hornbeam forests.

Key words: Paleopedology, Bukivna Cemetery, Bronze Age, Komarov Culture, Eastern Europe

Language: Ukrainian

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UDK: [903:504.54](477.86)”637”

VITA ANTIQUA ISSN: 2522-9419 (Online), ISSN: 2519-4542 (Print)

VITA ANTIQUA 9, 2017, HUMAN & LANDSCAPE: Prehistoric Archaeology of Eastern Europe, 222-231
Ecological Base of Trzciniec Cultural Circle
Lysenko S.D.¹
¹ Department of the Archaeology of Chalcolithic – Bronze Age, Institute of Archaeology NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv

DOI:10.37098/VA-2017-9-222-231
https://doi.org/10.37098/VA-2017-9-222-231

ABSTRACT

The Trzciniec cultural circle (TCC) is a group of related late Bronze Age archaeological cultures of Eastern Europe forest and forest-steppe zone. Covers an area of the basin of the Oder on the west to the basin of Dеsna on the east, from the Baltic States on the north, to the border of right-bank forest-steppe and steppe on the south. The area of TCC is divided on the Western (Baltic Sea basin) and Eastern (Black Sea basin) assemblages. To the west, assemblage concerns the Tszciniec culture, to the east concerns Komarov and Sosnitsa cultures. According to the system, connection between culture and surrounding landscape the forest and forest-steppe lines of development of TCC differs. The first is related to the lowland landscapes (Wielkopolsko-Kujawska lowland, Masovia, the Baltic States, Ukrainian, Belarussian and Briansk Polesye), the second – to highlands (Prykarpattya, Volhyn, Podolsk, Dnieper sublimities). The Sosnitsa culture matches the forest line of development, and the Komarov – the forest-steppe line of the eastern assemblage of TCC. On the verge of the 3rd and the 2nd millenniums B.C., the researchers of paleoclimate of South Russian steppes mark the maximum of subboreal aridization, that in the second quarter – middle of the 2nd millennium B.C. has changed with the subboreal climatic optimum: moistening, reduction of continentality of the climate. The complex paleogeographical studies (paleopedological, landscape, geophysical, archeozoological, paleobotanical, palynological, dendrochronological) of the Bronze – Early Iron Age sights on territory of North Ukraine and Belarus give an opportunity to confront the oscillation of climate in the eastern assemblage of TCC and their consequences with the climatic scale based on results of studies in other regions of Eastern Europe.

Key words: Ecological base, Tszciniec cultural circle, Bronze Age, paleoclimatology, Eastern Europe

Language: Ukrainian

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UDK: [903:504.54](4-11)”637”

VITA ANTIQUA ISSN: 2522-9419 (Online), ISSN: 2519-4542 (Print)

VITA ANTIQUA 9, 2017, HUMAN & LANDSCAPE: Prehistoric Archaeology of Eastern Europe, 206-221
Indicators of «Imports» in Trypillian Culture (on materials of «hoards» of flint blades)
Pichkur Ye.V
¹ Department “Archaeological Museum”, Institute of Archaeology NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv

DOI:10.37098/VA-2017-9-206-221
https://doi.org/10.37098/VA-2017-9-206-221

ABSTRACT

The article considers the unique for Trypillian culture category of finds – complexes of flint artifacts, mostly blades, interpreted in literature as “hoards”. History of investigation, archaeological context and technical-typological characteristics of artifacts are discussed. In addition, a few variants of interpretation is proposed through the point of view of important role they played in Trypillian society.

Key words: Trypillian culture, flint blades, lithic technology, Chalcolithic, Eastern Europe

Language: Russian

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UDK: 903.21(477.4)’’636’’-032.5

VITA ANTIQUA ISSN: 2522-9419 (Online), ISSN: 2519-4542 (Print)

VITA ANTIQUA 9, 2017, HUMAN & LANDSCAPE: Prehistoric Archaeology of Eastern Europe, 194-205
Spatial Organization of the Stone Implements from Trypillian Settlement Ozheve-Ostriv
Radomsky I.S.¹
¹ Department of Archaeology and Museology, Historical Faculty, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv

DOI:10.37098/VA-2017-9-194-205
https://doi.org/10.37098/VA-2017-9-194-205

ABSTRACT

Investigation of Trypilia culture lasts for over 100 years. Many Trypillia settlements have been opening during this time. However, settlements-giants (Trypillia B II – C I) are the most studied by area and the number of objects. For results of detailed investigations it is determined the planning of settlements, оrientation structures, interiors of buildings etc. For spatial organization of ceramic materials in buildings Tomaszewkа local group, V.O. Shumova determined that some categories of dishes were stationary and they in certain degree could be attributed to the elements of interiors. Researchers often refer to spatial organization method. Nevertheless, spatial organization of stone materials concerning the “platforms” is rare (exception: E.V. Pichkur and P.S. Shydlovskyi by materials Pekari II). This is primarily due to the fact that flint materials on the settlements-giants are rather the exception than the typical categories of implements. However, this thesis does not apply to the early period of the existence of the culture. Spatial organization experience of stone materials was obtained during the research of the settlement Druce (Trypillia B I). During the excavations all stone tools were fixed in details with leveling. In this way A.V. Engovatova has determined in which part of the building there were production and household operations. Also according to the direction and location of arrowheads, the authors of investigations have shown that the settlement was attacked. The Ozheve-Ostriv settlement dates back to the late phase В І. At this time increased a number of the fortified settlements and weapons on many sites. The author aims to determine how the stone products were correlated in space. And also whether identical the use of internal space buildings on the settlement. The results are compared with the above noted settlement Druce.

Key words: Trypillian culture, settlement of Ozheve-Ostriv, spatial analysis, Chalcolithic, Eastern Europe

Language: Ukrainian

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UDK: 903.2(477.85)”636”