VITA ANTIQUA, 11 (2019)                                                                        ISSN 2522-9419 (Online), 2519-4542 (Print)
Center for Paleoethnological Research

VITA ANTIQUA 11, 2019, Archaeology, Museum & Monument Studies: educational and research aspects
Radiocarbon Chronology of the Final Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic of Crimea, Ukraine, in the Archaeological and Palaeoecological Contexts, 116-137

Yanevich A.A.
Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

DOI: 10.37098/VA-2019-11-116-137
https://doi.org/10.37098/VA-2019-11-116-137
UDK:902.65(477.75)”632/634”

ABSTRACT

Current corpus of the C14 dates of the final periods of Stone Age of Crimea allows to clarify, and, probably, to revise their chronology. Simultaneously, C14 dates in the proposed chronological scheme correspondence and can be tested by the dates of the paleoecological determinations (geologic, palinologic, microfaunistic and malakofaunistic). Also they are confirmed with the stratigraphic position of the cultural layers.

Shan-Koba culture is the earliest among the 5 accepted cultural phenomena of the Final Palaeolithic and Mesolithic of Crimea. Its first stages belong to Allerod and, probably, Bolling, more early warming of the Final Pleistocene. At the same time, the final stage of the Shan-Koba culture is dated as the end of the Boreal.

The bearers of the Sviderian culture are known in the second part of the Drias III and the first part of the Preboreal, Shpan-Koba bearers are known in Preboreal and Boreal. The first stage of the Kukrek culture in Crimea is dated as the first half of the Preboreal, it’s final stage – as the beginning of Atlantikum. Murzak-Koba culture development in the Mountain Crimea belongs to the second half of Boreal and beginning of the Atlantikum.

Two Neolithic cultures are known in Atlantikum: Olexiivka culture in plain Crimea and Tash-Air culture in Mountain Crimea.

Coexistence of the bearers of the several cultures in the Final Palaeolithic and Mesolithic of Crimea, sometimes on the same territory, in particular, in the Mountain Crimea, reflect complicated ethno-cultural processes. Some cultures have stabile areal and numerous sites – for example, Shan-Koba, Murzak-Koba and Tash-Air cultures of the Mountain Crimea, Kukrek and Olexiivka culture of the Plain Crimea etc. At once, Sviderian and Span cultures are represented by few sites. They are evidences of the periodical migrations of the some groups of the Northern Ukrainian hunters (Sviderian) or the Steppe hunters of the South of Ukraine (Shpan culture) to Crimea.

Key words: Crimea, Final Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Radiocarbon chronology.

Language: Ukrainian

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Cite as:
Yanevich, A.A. 2019. Radiocarbon Chronology of the Final Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic of Crimea, Ukraine, in the Archaeological and Palaeoecological Contexts (Radiovuhletseva khronolohiia finalnoho paleolitu, mezolitu ta neolitu Krymu v arkheolohichnomu ta paleoekolohichnomu kontekstakh). VITA ANTIQUA 11. Archaeology, Museum & Monument Studies: educational and research aspects, p. 116-137 (in Ukrainian).

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